Innovation is also playing a crucial role in shaping the off-plan landscape
The defending five-time world champion and current series leader, who came home less than a second ahead of Red Bull's Max Verstappen, said he survived the Dutchman's late attacks by "fighting with the spirit of Niki (Lauda)".
He lifted his red helmet in tribute to the three-time champion Austrian and non-executive chairman of Mercedes who died on Monday.
Verstappen, who was involved a pit-lane collision during the race, was classified fourth after taking a five-second penalty. This elevated Sebastian Vettel to second for Ferrari and lifted the luckless Valtteri Bottas to third in the second Mercedes.
"Lewis, it's James... Incredible drive," said Mercedes' strategist James Vowles before team boss Toto Wolff told him: "That was for Niki."
"That was the hardest race I think I've had," said Hamilton. "I was fighting with the spirit of Niki. He's been truly an influential person in our team and we miss him."
Verstappen's Red Bull team-mate Pierre Gasly came home fifth ahead of Carlos Sainz of McLaren, Daniil Kvyat and his Toro Rosso team-mate Alex Albon.
Daniel Ricciardo, last year's winner for Red Bull, was ninth for Renault ahead of Romain Grosjean of Haas.
It was Hamilton's third win in Monaco and the 77th of his career, opening up a clear lead ahead of Bottas in the drivers' title race.
The result extended Mercedes' run of season-opening wins to six, but brought an end to their sequence of one-two triumphs.
Innovation is also playing a crucial role in shaping the off-plan landscape
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