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Mega ‘Cape to Cairo’ free trade deal signed by African leaders

The Tripartite Free Trade Area deal, which must still be fine-tuned and ratified, caps five years of talks to set up a framework for preferential tariffs to ease the movement of goods.

Egyptian Prime Minister Ibrahim Mahlab and Jim Yong Kim during the African summit in Sharm El Sheikh on Wednesday. — AFP

Sharm El Sheikh - African leaders signed on Wednesday a 26-nation free trade pact to create a common market that would span half the continent from Cairo to Cape Town.

The Tripartite Free Trade Area, or TFTA, deal, which must still be fine-tuned and ratified, caps five years of talks to set up a framework for preferential tariffs to ease the movement of goods in an area home to 625 million people.

Analysts say it could have an enormous impact on African economies, which account for only about two percent of global trade despite strong growth.

Egyptian President Abdel Fattah Al Sisi, President Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe and President Omar Al Bashir of Sudan were among those who signed the pact at a summit in the Red Sea resort of Sharm El Sheikh. But hurdles remain, with the timeline for bringing down trade barriers yet to be worked out and the deal needing ratification in national parliaments within two years.

“What we are doing today represents a very important step in the history of the regional integration of Africa,” Al Sisi said as he opened the summit. He wrapped up the meeting saying: “We have told the word today... of our desire to adopt practices that are necessary to increase trade among ourselves... We will do whatever is possible to activate this agreement.”

World Bank President Jim Yong Kim said the TFTA would allow Africa “to make tremendous progress and move the entire continent forward”.

“Africa has made it clear that it is open for business.”

The deal will integrate three existing trade blocs — the East African Community, the Southern African Development Community and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa — whose countries have a combined gross domestic product of more than $1 trillion.

“The geographical area covers the Cape [of Good Hope] to Cairo... The agreement paves the way for a continental free trade area that will combine the three biggest regional communities,” Ethiopian Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn told the summit.

And Mugabe said the deal will create a “borderless economy” that would rank 13th in the world in terms of GDP.