'Developed countries need to provide viable alternatives to coal'

Despite being a developing country, South Africa has an advanced fossil fuels industry. Mining forms a significant portion of the economy and is home to large fossil fuel reserves, particularly coal. In fact, according to energy think tank Ember, South Africa is ranked eighth in the world in terms of coal use for electricity generation.

Saad Cachalia, Ambassador of South Africa to the UAE, notes that this makes the country's transition to renewable energy somewhat challenging.

"We have to reassess how our entire economy works. We were pioneers in creating liquid fuel from coal, and since then, we've used our coal to power our energy. But now we must relook how we energise our country," he says.

"We export our coal to other countries and it drives our economy, it gives our poor people a source of energy. Moving away from it will not be easy but it is essential. Climate change is a reality. I've seen it. South Africa is flooding and getting snow. But if we remove all our traditional fuel resources, it's going to create huge problems, particularly in terms of jobs in areas where mining is prominent. So, if we tell people they can't use coal anymore, we must give them an alternative. We know that this will be an extremely expensive challenge."

He reminds us that developed nations are responsible for making the biggest efforts to tackle the climate change crisis. After all, they are the ones who have contributed to it the most.

"The less wealthy people are most impacted by climate change; this is ironic as they have contributed to it the least. The developing nations have hardly used their natural resources, whereas the developed nations have almost depleted theirs. Therefore, the developed nations are responsible for actively, physically and financially assisting the developing nations so that they don't make the same mistakes they did," he declares.

Cachalia explains that financing developing and undeveloped nations is critical for helping them implement sustainable alternatives to coal and fossil fuels. He believes that the subject will be central to the discussions at COP28, and the ways that private companies can assist with diversification towards clean energy will be another core pillar.

"Financing will ensure we can provide suitable replacements for our traditional fuel sources. Money is central to this, and I know that the UAE understands its importance," he states.