India set to emerge as third largest consumer market by 2025: Report

Consumption in India is set to triple to $4 trillion by 2025 on the back of changes in consumer behaviours and spending patterns that have big implications for companies, a report says.

Rising affluence will enable India to emerge as the third-largest consumer market by 2025, prompting companies to adapt their business models for meeting the changing customer needs, according to a report by the Boston Consulting Group.
Consumption in India is set to triple to $4 trillion by 2025 on the back of changes in consumer behaviours and spending patterns that have big implications for companies, said BCG's Center for Customer Insight report, "The New Indian: The Many Facets of a Changing Consumer".
According to the report, a nominal year-on-year expenditure growth of 12 per cent in the country is more than double the anticipated global rate of five per cent and will make the country the third-largest consumer market by 2025 at $4 trillion.
Emerging cities - those with populations of less than one million - will be the fastest growing and will constitute one-third of total consumer spending by 2025. The report said that three-fourths of all households will be nuclear families and digital channels will influence 30 per cent to 35 per cent of all retail sales by 2025 and eight per cent to 10 per cent of retail spending will be online.
In a country, which is already the third largest economy in terms of purchasing power, the shape of this growth will be influenced by the elite and affluent income segments that will constitute 40 per cent of all spending by 2025. For the first time, the wealthy will represent the largest consumption segment.
"India's consumer market is poised for fundamental change," said Nimisha Jain, a BCG partner and report coauthor. "As the consumer market continues to grow and evolve, companies will need to shed conventional wisdom, try multiple business models simultaneously, and be prepared for rapid change internally to adapt to changing consumer needs and behaviours."
Among the factors that will shape consumption is India's unique pattern of urbanisation, in which emerging cities are the fastest growing. About 40 per cent of India's population will be living in urban areas by 2025, and city dwellers will account for more than 60 per cent of consumption. Expenditures in these cities are already rising by nearly 14 per cent a year, while consumer spending in India's biggest cities is increasing at about 12 per cent a year.
Consumers in these cities behave differently from big-city consumers. They have a strong value-for- money orientation, significant local-culture affinity, and a more conservative financial outlook.
Another important trend is shifting family structures. The extended Indian joint family has given way to nuclear households, (a couple or a single person with or without children). The proportion of nuclear households, which has been on the rise during the past two decades, has reached 70 per cent and is projected to increase to 74 per cent by 2025.
This ongoing shift is significant to marketers because nuclear families spend 20 per cent to 30 per cent more per capita than joint families.
"A set of emerging social trends could reshape consumption patterns significantly," said Abheek Singhi, a BCG senior partner and report coauthor. "These include more - and better educated-women taking their rightful place in society, greater pride in being Indian, and increasing time compression, each of which will drive exponential growth in various categories differently."
BCG CCI's most recent consumer survey in India included 10,000 consumers in 30 locations nationwide and studied consumption in more than 50 categories. The research found that the classic S-curve growth pattern does not always hold true and that different categories are exhibiting very different growth trajectories. It also shows a steady shift in consumers' aspirations and spending behaviors in certain categories.
The biggest desires of aspirer households used to be to own a house and a car; today, many more of these consumers want to take international vacations. Similarly, affluent households are becoming comfort seekers, and they are willing to pay for it.
In addition, the internet is an increasingly pervasive factor in India's commerce, and its influence will only expand. Online spending is taking off: in the past three years, the number of online buyers has increased sevenfold to 80 million to 90 million.
Digital's influence on broader consumer spending is significant and growing rapidly. Digitally influenced spending is currently about $45 billion to $50 billion a year, and that figure is projected to increase more than tenfold to $500 billion to $550 billion - and to account for 30 per cent to 35 per cent of all retail sales - by 2025. As a result, omnichannel interaction is more and more important, but its significance varies by category. Consumers' purchase pathways also are increasingly complicated.
"Already, a rising number of consumers in all segments are using the internet as their first port of call in framing and driving their purchase decisions," said Kanika Sanghi, a BCG principal and report coauthor. "Our research found that about 70 per cent of those who have access to the internet go online to make informed purchase decisions. As consumers get more comfortable with digital capabilities, their usage patterns exhibit growth that belies age and other demographic variables."
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