Delobel picked up the injury at the ISU Grand Prix gala finale in Goyang, South Korea, and she will undergo surgery in the coming days in France.
A Federation statement said she hoped to be back in action by mid-February "in order to prepare for the world championships in Los Angeles where their presence is confirmed."
Delobel and Schoenfelder, six-time French national champions, also captured the Skate America and Bompard Trophy crowns this year as well as the worlds in Gothenburg.
They have skated together for the past 18 years but had missed out on the big prizes prior to this year, save for a 2007 European title.
They agonisingly just missed the podium at the 2006 Winter Olympics and at worlds in 2005 and 2007.